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Bibliography

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Secondary Sources: Scholarly

Aït-Aoudia, Myriam, Alexandre Dézé, and Jean-Yves Bart. 2011. "The Genesis of Political Parties: An Analysis of the Front National, the Movimento Sociale Italiano and the Islamic Salvation Front." Revue Française de Science Politique (English Edition) 61:4: 1-24.

Antonello, Pierpaolo. 2017. Imagining Terrorism: The Rhetoric and Representation of Political Violence in Italy 1969-2009. Oxon; New York: Routledge.

Antonucci, Maria Cristina. 2011. La cultura politica dei movimenti giovanili di destra nell'era della globalizzazione. Milano: FrancoAngeli.

Avilés, Juan. 2021. The Strategy of Tension in Italy: Neofascist Terrorism and Coup Plots, 1969-1980. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.

Baldini, Gianfranco, Filippo Tronconi, and Davide Angelucci. 2022. "Yet Another Populist Party? Understanding the Rise of Brothers of Italy." South European Society and Politics 27:3 (July 3): 385-405.

Broder, David. 2020. First They Took Rome: How the Populist Right Conquered Italy. New York: Verso Books.

————. Mussolini's Grandchildren: Fascism in Contemporary Italy. London: Pluto Press, 2023.

Brown, Katy, and George Newth. 2024. "'Post-Fascism', or How the Far Right Talks about Itself: The 2022 Italian Election Campaign as a Case Study." Critical Discourse Studies (April): 1-21.

Bruno, Valerio Alfonso. 2022. "'Centre Right? What Centre Right?' Italy's Right-Wing Coalition: Forza Italia's Political 'Heritage' and the Mainstreaming of the Far Right." In Populism and Far-Right: Trends in Europe, edited by Valerio Alfonso Bruno, 163- 95. Milano: EDUCatt.

Bulli, Giorgia. 2019. "CasaPound Italia's Cultural Imaginary." Patterns of Prejudice 53:3 (May 27): 253-69.

Carli, Maddalena. 2015. "25 April 1994 – 17 March 2011: Symbolic Dates of the Past and Italy's Transition." Journal of Modern Italian Studies 20:2 (March 15): 252-65.

Cento Bull, Anna. 2011. Italian Neofascism: The Strategy of Tension and the Politics of Nonreconciliation. New York; Oxford: Berghahn Books.

————, and Philip Cooke. 2013. Ending Terrorism in Italy. Oxon; New York: Routledge.

————. 2016. "The Role of Memory in Populist Discourse: The Case of the Italian Second Republic." Patterns of Prejudice 50:3 (May 26): 213-31.

Gattinara, Pietro Castelli, and Caterina Froio. 2022. "The Italian Right Ahead of the 2022 General Elections: Old Wine in Old Bottles." C-REX - Center for Research on Extremism (September 19).

Cheles, Luciano. 2010. "Back to the Future: The Visual Propaganda of Alleanza Nazionale (1994–2009)." Journal of Modern Italian Studies 15:2 (March 1): 232-311.

————. 2023. Iconografia della destra: La propaganda figurativa da Almirante a Meloni. Roma: Viella Libreria Editrice.

Confino, Alon, Paul Betts, and Dirk Schumann, eds. 2008. Between Mass Death and Individual Loss: The Place of the Dead in Twentieth-Century Germany. New York; Oxford: Berghahn Books.

Conti, Davide. 2013. L'anima nera della Repubblica: Storia del MSI. Roma; Bari: Gius.Laterza & Figli Spa.

De Giorgi, Elisabetta, and Filippo Tronconi. 2018. "The Center-Right in a Search for Unity and the Re-Emergence of the Neo-Fascist Right." Contemporary Italian Politics 10:4 (November 27): 330-45.

Donà, Alessia. 2022. "The Rise of the Radical Right in Italy: The Case of Fratelli d'Italia." Journal of Modern Italian Studies 27:5 (October 20): 775-94.

Dondi, Mirco. 2008. I neri e i rossi: terrorismo, violenza e informazione negli anni Settanta. Monte Compatri: Controluce.

Fella, Stefano, and Carlo Ruzza. 2009. Re-Inventing the Italian Right: Territorial Politics, Populism and "Post-Fascism." New York: Routledge.

Ferraresi, Franco. 1996. Threats to Democracy: The Radical Right in Italy after the War. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Fogu, Claudio. 2006. "Italiani Brava Gente: The Legacy of Fascist Historical Culture on Italian Politics of Memory." In The Politics of Memory in Postwar Europe, edited by Richard Ned Lebow, Wulf Kansteiner, and Claudio Fogu, 147-76. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Foot, John. 2009. Italy's Divided Memory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Forchtner, Bernhard. 2019. The Far Right and the Environment: Politics, Discourse and Communication. Oxon; New York: Routledge.

Froio, Caterina, Pietro Castelli Gattinara, Giorgia Bulli, and Matteo Albanese. 2020. CasaPound Italia: Contemporary Extreme-Right Politics. Oxon; New York: Routledge.

Gerusa, Lisa. 2009. "A (Conceptual) History of Violence: The Case of the Italian Extreme Left in the 1970s." In Imagining Terrorism: The Rhetoric and Representation of Political. Violence in Italy 1969-2009, edited by Pierpaolo Antonello and Alan O'Leary, 128-38. Oxon; New York: Routledge.

Gervasoni, Marco, and Giovanni Orsina. 2018. Political Enemies in Republican Italy. London; New York: Routledge.

Griffin, Roger. 2000. "Interregnum or Endgame? The Radical Right in the 'Post-Fascist' Era." Journal of Political Ideologies 5:2 (June 1): 163-78.

Griffin, Roger, and Matthew Feldman. 2004. Fascism: Post-War Fascisms. London; New York: Taylor & Francis.

Hajek, Andrea. 2013. Negotiating Memories of Protest in Western Europe: The Case of Italy. Basingstoke; New York: Houndmills.

Ignazi, Piero. 2019. "Fascists and Post-Fascists." In The Oxford Handbook of Italian Politics, edited by Erik Jones and Gianfranco Pasquino, 211-23. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.

————. 1996. "From Neo‐fascists to Post‐fascists? The Transformation of the MSI into the AN." West European Politics 19:4 (October 1): 693-714.

————. 1994. Postfascisti?: Dal Movimento Sociale Italiano ad Alleanza Nazionale. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Kenes, Bulent. 2021. "CasaPound Italy: The Sui Generis Fascists of the New Millennium." European Center for Populism Studies (June 18). 

King, Amy. 2020. "Antagonistic Martyrdom: Memory of the 1973 Rogo di Primavalle." Modern Italy 25:1 (February): 33-48.

————. 2024. The Politics of Sacrifice: Remembering Italy's Rogo di Primavalle. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

————. 2024. "Italy's Cult of Fascist Martyrs." History Today 74:7 (July).

Kølvraa, Christoffer, and Bernhard Forchtner. 2019. "Cultural Imaginaries of the Extreme Right: An Introduction." Patterns of Prejudice 53:3 (May 27): 227-35.

McSwiney, Jordan, Michael Vaughan, Annett Heft, and Matthias Hoffmann. 2021. "Sharing the Hate? Memes and Transnationality in the Far Right's Digital Visual Culture." Information Communication and Society 24 (August 4).

Miller-Idriss, Cynthia. 2019. "Dying for a Cause, Causing Death: The Threat of Violence." In The Extreme Gone Mainstream: Commercialization and Far Right Youth Culture in Germany, edited by Cynthia Miller-Idriss. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Neocleous, Mark. 2005. "Long Live Death! Fascism, Resurrection, Immortality." Journal of Political Ideologies 10:1 (February): 31-49.

Newth, George. 2023. Fathers of the Lega: Populist Regionalism and Populist Nationalism in Historical Perspective. Oxon; New York: Routledge.

————. 2024. "'Talking about' the Far Right and Common Sense. A Case Study of Matteo Salvini's Buon Senso Trope on Twitter (2018–2023)." Acta Politica (February 7).

Newth, George, and Marzia Maccaferri. 2022. "From Performative Anti-Fascism to Post-Fascism: The Lega (Nord)'s Political Discourse in Historical Context." Journal of Political Ideologies (November): 1-25.

Palermo, Fiorenzo. N/D. "ZetaZeroAlfa: Popular Music, Fascism, and Violence." In Listening to the Rising Right, edited by Fiorenzo Palermo and Nadav Appel. London: Bloomsbury Academic.

Panvini, Guido. 2009. Ordine nero, guerriglia rossa: la violenza politica nell'Italia degli anni Sessanta e Settanta (1966-1975). Milano: Giulio Einaudi.

Puleo, Leonardo, and Gianluca Piccolino. 2022. "Back to the Post-Fascist Past or Landing in the Populist Radical Right? The Brothers of Italy Between Continuity and Change." South European Society and Politics 27:3 (July 3): 359-83.

Scolari, Baldassare. 2017. "State Martyrs: Aesthetics and Performativity of a Contemporary Political Discourse" (May 12).

Snyder, Timothy. On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century. New York: Tim Duggan, 2017.

Tarchi, Marco. 2024. Le tre età della fiamma: La destra in Italia da Giorgio Almirante a Giorgia Meloni. Milano: Solferino.

Tassani, Giovanni. 1990. "The Italian Social Movement: From Almirante to Fini." Italian Politics 4: 124-45.

Testa, Alberto. 2009. "The UltraS: An Emerging Social Movement?" Review of European Studies 1:2 (December 1): 54-63.

Traverso, Enzo. 2019. The New Faces of Fascism: Populism and the Far Right. New York: Verso Books.

Wolff, Elisabetta Cassina. 2019. "CasaPound Italia: 'Back to Believing. The Struggle Continues.'" Fascism: Journal of Comparative Fascist Studies 8:1: 61-88.

Zagami, Francesco. 2020. Storia Del Movimento Sociale Italiano. Roma: Gruppo Albatros Il Filo.

Secondary Sources: Non-Scholarly

Channel 4 News. 2018. "Fascism in Italy: The Hipster Fascists Trying to Bring Mussolini Back into the Mainstream." YouTube (March 2).

Dal Zotto, Elena. 2017. "Populism in Italy: The Case of the Five Star Movement." Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (April).

"Forza Nuova." Counter Extremism Project.

F.Q. 2017. "Migranti, polemica sul manifesto di Forza Nuova: utilizza la propaganda fascista del Ventennio." Il Fatto Quotidiano (September 2).

Hockenos, Paul. 2014. "Germany's Far-Right Party Is Worse Than the Rest of Europe's." Foreign Policy (January 26).

Montague, James. 2020. "Meet the Irriducibile, the Fascist Lazio Ultras Who Worship Mussolini." GQ (March 7).

"National Socialist Movement." Extremist Files. Southern Poverty Law Center.

"Oath Keepers." Extremist Files. Southern Poverty Law Center.

"Patriot Front." Extremist Files. Southern Poverty Law Center.

Pisa, Massimo. 2023. "Milano 1973, il giovedì nero con i fratelli La Russa in piazza: 50 anni fa l'omicidio dell'agente Marino." La Repubblica (Aprile 11).

Piselli, Chiara. 2019. "Matteo Salvini e CasaPound, un rapporto lungo cinque anni." Open (May 2).

"Proud Boys." Extremist Files. Southern Poverty Law Center.

Tolkien, J. R. R. 2004. The Lord of the Rings (Boston; New York: Houghton Mifflin Company)

Tamás, G. M. 2000. "On Post-Fascism." Boston Review (June 1).

2017. "Scuola: Blocco studentesco, 56mila voti e 200 eletti, risultato storico." ADNKronos (December 4).

2012. "CasaPound in Marcia control il Governo il Presidio Antifascista diventa un Corteo." La Repubblica (November 24).

2022. "Squad Assault on the CGIL, the First Six Sentences Arrive: Between 4 and a Half Years and 6 in Prison." L'Unione Sarda (July 11).

2023. "Acca Larentia, Saluti Romani durante la Commemorazione della Strage." Il Gazzettino (January 7).

2024. "Gioventù Meloniana: tra saluti al Duce e Sieg Heil, il vero volto dei giovani di Fratelli d'Italia." Fanpage.it (June 13).

Primary Sources

"AL." 2022. Acca Larenzia. Facebook (November 30).

Magnitudo Italia. 2017. "La giunta del fallimento." Instagram (Novembre 27).

————. 2023. "Castrum Italia." Facebook (Luglio 19).

Movimento CAOS. 2021. "X il collettivo politico tasso, da Caos." Instagram (October 6).  

Nemesi Italia. 2018. "Kulturkampf." Instagram (December 22).

————. "Official Statement." Instagram (September 26).

"Blocco Studentesco, gigantografia di Monti 'vampiro' esposta dall'Altare della Patria." Blocco Studentesco.

"Chi siamo." Comunità Militante RAIDO.

"Chi Siamo." Libreria Cinabro.

"Chi siamo." Magnitudo Italia.

"Cosa è il Blocco Studentesco." Blocco Studentesco.

"F.A.Q." Comunità Militante RAIDO.

"Generazione Popolare." Linktree.

Il Primato Nazionale.

"Il simbolo del Blocco Studentesco." Chi siamo. Blocco Studentesco.

"STATUTO GIOVENTU' NAZIONAE [sic]." Statuto. Gioventù Nazionale.

"Una terribile bellezza è nata." CasaPound Italia.

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